17. Fainting (Syncope)
When lightheadedness becomes extreme, patients may actually faint, a symptom called syncope. Fainting occurs because the brain does not get enough blood and oxygen for a short period. In heart failure, it may be caused by very low blood pressure, dangerous heart rhythms (arrhythmias), or the heart suddenly failing to pump effectively.
Fainting can be frightening for both the patient and family. Often, it happens without much warning, though some people feel dizzy, sweaty, or see “black spots” before losing consciousness. Recovery is usually quick once the patient lies flat, but fainting in heart failure is a red flag that should not be ignored.
Consider the story of Mr. Thomas, a 74-year-old retired farmer. While walking to his fields, he suddenly collapsed. His neighbors rushed him to the hospital, where doctors found he had fainted due to an irregular heartbeat linked with heart failure. He was given medication and later fitted with a pacemaker to prevent future episodes.
Fainting can cause injuries if the person falls on hard surfaces. More importantly, it often signals a dangerous heart problem that requires urgent care. Patients and families should treat any fainting episode as an emergency, especially if the person has a history of heart disease.